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ORIGINAL PAPER
In vitro ruminal dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility of common feedstuffs as affected by the addition of essential oils and their active compounds
1
University of Parma, Department of Veterinary Science, 43126 Parma, Italy
2
Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), SY23 3EE, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
Publication date: 2017-09-20
Corresponding author
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2017;26(3):204-212
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
bio-active compoundscattleherbsnutritionprobiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, eubiotics, antibioticsrumen fermentation
ABSTRACT
The effects of essential oils (EO) and their active compounds
(EOC) on dry matter digestibility and neutral detergent fibre digestibility
(DMD and NDFD, respectively) are still not enough described since in vitro
methods are limited. So, the aim of the study was to screen and compare
the main effects of EO and EOC on short-term DMD and NDFD using the in
vitro method. The addition of phenylpropanoid-rich cinnamon oil (CIN) and
clove oil (CLO), terpenoid-rich thyme oil (THY) and oregano oil (ORG), and
four EOC: cinnamaldehyde (CIN-C), eugenol (EUG), thymol (THY-C) and
carvacrol (CAR) was studied at a dose of 0.5 mg · l−1 of main active compound.
Products were tested on four substrates: lucerne hay, soyabean meal, maize
meal and a total mixed ration (TMR). Digestibility was determined at 4 and
24 h of fermentation. Both CIN and CIN-C increased NDFD4 of lucerne and
maize meal, and decreased NDFD24 of soyabean meal; while CIN-C reduced
NDF24 of TMR and CIN reduced DMD of soyabean at both examined hours. CLO
and EUG decreased the NDFD24 of soyabean meal improving its DMD24. Also
initial DMD of lucerne was increased by both these factors. Only CLO reduced
NDFD24 of maize meal. Both THY and THY-C reduced DMD4 of soyabean
meal; however only THY-C improved NDF4 of lucerne and reduced NDFD24
of soyabean meal and TMR. DMD24 of most substrates (except lucerne) was
reduced by ORE, but not by CAR which improved NDFD4 of lucerne. The
in vitro method was sensitive to variations in digestibility caused by EO and
EOC, providing a promising approach for the incorporation of EO and EOC
effects in systems for cattle diet formulation.
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