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ORIGINAL PAPER
β-carotene as a dietary factor affecting expression of genes connected with carotenoid, vitamin A and lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of beef cattle
1
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal
Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, 250100 Shandong Province, China
2
Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province, China
Publication date: 2020-03-31
Corresponding author
Qing Jin
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, 250100 Shandong Province, China
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, 250100 Shandong Province, China
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2020;29(1):11-18
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Adipose tissue in meat, especially subcutaneous fat, is not
appreciated by consumers as it is considered unhealthy. The effects of β-carotene
(βC) on the expression of ten genes related to carotenoid, vitamin A (VA) or lipid
metabolism were evaluated in subcutaneous and omental (visceral) adipose
tissue of Simmental crossbred steers receiving various βC treatments (0, 600,
1200 and 1800 mg/d). Two carotenoid oxidative cleavage genes (β-carotene-
15,15′-monooxygenase (BCMO1) and β-carotene-9′,10’-dioxygenase (BCO2))
were up-regulated and three VA metabolic genes (retinoid X receptor α (RXRA),
retinal reductase (RALDH) and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT)) were
down-regulated in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues. Gene encoding
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) involved in adipocyte
differentiation and lipogenesis was down-regulated in both examined fat tissues.
For the omental adipose tissue, the lipogenesis gene (fatty acid synthase (FAS))
and the two lipolysis genes (hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose
triglyceride lipase (ATGL)) were down-regulated, but another lipogenesis gene
(acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) was up-regulated. First of all, the addition of βC
in the diet may inhibit the expression of the major adipogenesis gene – PPARG,
and increase the expression of genes involved in βC catabolism in adipose
tissue of beef cattle. An effective βC dose to regulate the expression of genes
connected with carotenoid, VA and lipid metabolism would be at least 600 mg/d.
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