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REVIEW PAPER
Analysis of crude protein utilisation in ruminant rations:
supplementation of limiting amino acids and their effect on the
environment – an updated review
1
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Plant Production and Technologies, 51240 Niğde, Turkey
2
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
Publication date: 2023-06-26
Corresponding author
M. U. Asghar
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2024;33(1):3-12
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Protein quality plays a pivotal and dynamic role in the growth,
productivity, and reproduction of ruminants. Increasing the proportion of
dietary protein (CP) alone cannot balance the concentration of limiting amino
acids (AA) in the duodenum of high-yielding dairy cows. However, supplying
rumen-protected AA is believed to improve productivity and reproduction rates.
Malabsorption of CP-rich meals in the rumen leads to high nitrogen (N) excretion
through urine and faeces in the form of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, ammonia and
nitrate in the environment. Research data indicate that lysine and methionine
are the two most limiting AA in the ruminant ration. Supplementing these limiting
AA in ruminant diets is one of the most effective strategies to improve CP usage
and reduce the negative impact of CP in the diet. Several in vivo and in vitro
experimental studies have demonstrated that even low-quality dietary CP, when
supplemented with rumen-protected AA (Met + Lys), exhibited a greater ability to
reduce N2 or NH3 losses, while also supporting a decrease in enteric fermentation
gas production and minimising soil or water pollution associated with animal
production. However, further research is necessary to explore the molecular and
genetic mechanisms underlying the effects of AA dietary supplementation on the
rumen microbiota in ruminants.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of
interest.
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