ORIGINAL PAPER
Characteristics in milk influencing the cheese yield
and cheese quality
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Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
Norwegian University of Life Sciences,
P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
Publication date: 2007-01-26
Corresponding author
S. Skeie
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
Norwegian University of Life Sciences,
P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2007;16(Suppl. 1):130-142
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ABSTRACT
This review will give a short introduction to the principles of cheesemaking and some definitions
of cheese yield, and the characteristics in milk influencing the cheese yield and cheese quality
will be discussed. Good quality milk, giving an optimal cheese yield and cheese quality, originate
from healthy animals, has good flavour, has been cold stored for a limited amount of time and
has a high protein content with the BB genotypes of ß-lactoglobuline and κ-casein (bovine milk).
The milk should be low in somatic cell count, as proteases from somatic cells attacks αS2- and ß-
caseins and reduce the cheese yield. The content of free fatty acids should be low, as free fatty acids
bind Ca2+ and thereby reduce the coagulation properties of the milk, in addition free fatty acids
contribute to the development of rancid flavour in cheese. Milk used for cheesemaking must be of
good microbiological quality, pathogenic bacteria should be absent, psychotropic bacteria have heat
resistant lipases and proteases which may reduce yield, but may also cause undesirable flavours in the
ripened cheese. Clostridia spores cause late blowing in cheeses with eyes, but also to cheeses with
closed texture these bacteria induce inedible flavours. Antimicrobial agents as antibiotics, detergents
etc. must be absent, as the acidification by lactic acid bacteria will be strongly influenced.
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