ORIGINAL PAPER
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The pars tuberalis (PT) is part of the pituitary that expresses melatonin receptors, therefore it is suggested that PT mediates the effect of melatonin on neuroendocrine functions and may be involved in the photoperiodic regulation of pituitary gland processes. Decoding of the melatonin signalling in the PT is possible thanks to the expression of circadian clock genes in the PT cells. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine circadian and seasonal changes in the expression of biological clock genes in the ewe PT. Two analogical experiments were performed in different photoperiods: 1 month before the summer (long-day photoperiod; LD) and winter (short-day photoperiod; SD) solstice. In each photoperiod, ewes were euthanized after the last blood collection in the middle of the day (n = 6) or night (n = 6). The expression of the basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1), casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε), clock circadian regulator (CLOCK), cryptochrome circadian regulator 2 (CRY2) and period circadian regulator 1 (PER1) genes in the ovine PT was higher (P < 0.05) during the day compared to the night regardless of the season. Only the cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 (CRY1) gene was characterised by a higher (P < 0.05) nocturnal level of expression during both short and long day seasons. The expression of melatonin receptor MTNR1A gene was higher (P < 0.05) during the day in both photoperiodic conditions, and was higher (P < 0.05) during the SD season. It was demonstrated that the direction of circadian changes in the expression of clock genes was relatively constant regardless of the season analysed. However, both diurnal and nocturnal expression of clock genes was higher in the SD season than in the LD photoperiod. This suggests that the protein products of the expression of these genes may exert a more significant effect on the secretory activity of this part of the pituitary gland in the SD season, but elucidating this relationship requires further in-depth research.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the grant from the National Science Centre, Poland No. 2016/23/N/ NZ9/02145.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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