ORIGINAL PAPER
Concentration of fungal metabolites, phenolic acids and metals in mixtures of cereals grown in organic and conventional farms
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1
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
2
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Botany and Nature Protection, pl. Łódzki 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
3
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Publication date: 2016-02-28
Corresponding author
A. Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2016;25(1):74-81
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
In view of expanding cultivation of cereal mixtures, the study was
conducted to examine the effects of organic (ORG) vs conventional (CON)
farming on fungal contamination, concentrations of phenolic acids (PA) and
metals in mixtures of cereals grown in northern and central regions of Poland.
The analyses were performed on 10 ORG and 8 CON bulk samples of oat,
wheat and barley mixtures, each one comprised samples taken from 4 – 5 farms.
Fungal contamination was assessed as the concentration of ergosterol (ERG)
and mycotoxins from trichothecene (TR) group, whereas the quantification
of fungal species and TR genotypes was performed using TaqMan assay.
Mean ERG content in grain produced in both systems was similar, although
a markedly greater variation was recorded in ORG grain. Total TR mycotoxins
concentration was, in both CON and ORG samples, low and comparable,
however concentration of deoxynivalenol was considerably greater whereas
that of 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 15-AcDON and nivalenol were
lower in ORG samples. Molecular analysis showed that the dominant fungi
were Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum. The Tri5 gene, a precursor
of TR formation, was detected in significantly greater relative amounts in
ORG samples. The ORG cereal mixtures contained greater total amounts of
PA and, in particular, of gallic, p-cumaric and ferulic acids. Concentrations of
Cd, Cu and Mg did not differ between the ORG and CON cereals, whereas
concentrations of Fe, Se and Zn were greater in CON, and those of Mn and Pb
in ORG mixtures. The potentially hazardous substances were present in the
samples of both CON and ORG cereal mixtures in concentrations which do not
compromise the health of farm animals.
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