Current issue
Online first
Archive
About the Journal
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Copy right and self-archiving policy
Peer review process
Instructions for Reviewers
Printed version subscription
Abstracting and indexing
Contact
Instructions for Authors
Policies
General information
Open Access, Licensing terms, Commercial use and Copyright terms policies
Self-archiving policy and Archive policies
Article Correction and Withdrawal policy
Manuscript Submission policy
Authorship policy
Conflict of Interest policy
Language considerations policy
Plagiarism and Duplicate publications policy
Ethics policy
Review process policy
Acceptance of manuscripts policy
Online First Articles and Special Issues policies
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) policy
Advertising policy
Article publication charges
Policies
General information
Open Access, Licensing terms, Commercial use and Copyright terms policies
Self-archiving policy and Archive policies
Article Correction and Withdrawal policy
Manuscript Submission policy
Authorship policy
Conflict of Interest policy
Language considerations policy
Plagiarism and Duplicate publications policy
Ethics policy
Review process policy
Acceptance of manuscripts policy
Online First Articles and Special Issues policies
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) policy
Advertising policy
ORIGINAL PAPER
Impact of slaughter method on stress in organic common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
1
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture,
02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Publication date: 2024-11-08
Corresponding author
H. Szudrowicz
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2024;33(4):562-570
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Aquaculture is transforming due to global food demand. Organic
carp is a popular fish farmed in ponds, mostly by small and medium enterprises.
This is associated with environmental and quality benefits, but also high costs and
low production density. Despite being a large sector of food industry, the ethics of
aquaculture slaughter methods are perceived as inferior. Implementing the least
stressful killing method would ensure better welfare of fish. This study aimed
to determine the most optimal strategy among commonly used and approved
fish sacrificing techniques. To assess the level of stress experienced by fish,
the following biochemical blood parameters were analysed: cortisol, glucose,
lactic acid and cholesterol levels, as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase,
amylase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.
In conclusion, slaughter methods used in the experiment involved three main
stress factors: handling time, fish body damage and stunning method. After
analysis, we would recommend percussion followed by brain destruction as the
least stressful method.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We hereby declare that this publication serves as the basis of Bogumił Łosiewicz’s thesis. The authors would like to thank Mirosław Cieśla for supervising the project and providing the opportunity to publish its results.
FUNDING
The work was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Republic of Poland, (grant on organic farming No. 513-90-74500-U00145-99).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
REFERENCES (59)
1.
Acerete L., Reig L., Alvarez D., Flos R., Tort L., 2009. Comparison of two stunning/slaughtering methods on stress response and quality indicators of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture 287, 139–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua....
2.
Adámek Z., Mössmer M., Hauber M., 2019. Current principles and issues affecting organic carp (Cyprinus carpio) pond farming. Aquaculture 512, 734261, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUA....
3.
Ahmed N., Thompson S., Turchini G.M., 2020. Organic aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and food security: insights from organic agriculture. Food Secur. 12, 1253 – 1267, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571....
4.
Akbary P., Pirbeigi A., Jahanbakhshi A., 2016. Analysis of primary and secondary stress responses in bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) by anesthetization with 2-phenoxyethanol. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 1009–1016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762....
5.
Ashley P.J., 2007. Fish welfare: Current issues in aquaculture. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 104, 199–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appl....
6.
Barton B.A., 2002. Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids, in: Integrative and Comparative Biology. Oxford Academic, pp. 517–525, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42....
7.
Barton B.A., Morgan J.D., Vljayan M., 1998. Physiological and condition-related indicators of environmental stress in fish. Biol. Indic. Aquat. Ecosyst. Stress, 111–148.
8.
Boudier-Revéret M., Hsiao M.Y., Shyu S.G., Chang M.C., 2020. Injury of corticospinal tract and corticoreticular pathway caused by high-voltage electrical shock: a case report. BMC Neurol. 20, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883....
9.
Burt J.R., 1966. Glycogenolytic enzymes of cod (Gadus callarias) muscle. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada 23, 527–538, https://doi.org/10.1139/f66-04....
10.
Chatterjee N., Pal A.K., Das T., Mohammed M.S., Sarma K., Venkateshwarlu G., Mukherjee S.C., 2006. Secondary stress responses in Indian major carps Labeo rohita (Hamilton), Catla catla (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) fry to increasing packing densities. Aquac. Res. 37, 472–476, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365....
11.
Conte F.S., 2004. Stress and the welfare of cultured fish. In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Elsevier, pp. 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appl....
12.
Daskalova A., 2019. Farmed fish welfare: stress, post-mortem muscle metabolism, and stress-related meat quality changes. Int. Aquat. Res. 11, 113–124, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40071....
13.
de la Rosa I., Castro P.L., Ginés R., 2021. Twenty years of research in seabass and seabream welfare during slaughter. Animals 11, 20164, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani110....
14.
De Smet H., Blust R., 2001. Stress responses and changes in protein metabolism in carp Cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 48, 255–262, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2....
15.
Dobšíková R., Svobodová Z., Bláhová J., Modrá H., Velíšek J., 2009. The effect of transport on biochemical and haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Czech J. Anim. Sci. 54, 510–518, https://doi.org/10.17221/52/20....
16.
EUMOFA, 2022. Organic aquaculture in the EU. Current situation, drivers, barriers, potential for growth. European Commission. Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, https://doi.org/10.2771/327564.
17.
EUMOFA., 2017. EU Organic Aquaculture. European Commission. Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. https://doi.org/10.2771/74327.
18.
European Commission, 2018. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the possibility of introducing certain requirements regarding the protection of fish at the time of killing. European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety 1–14.
19.
Gambelli D., Naspetti S., Zander K., Zanoli R., 2019. Organic Aquaculture: Economic, Market and Consumer Aspects. In: Organic Aquaculture. Springer, Cham, pp. 41–63, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
20.
Gorissen M., Flik G., 2016. The Endocrinology of the Stress Response in Fish: An Adaptation-Physiological View. In: Fish Physiology. Academic Press, pp. 75–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0....
21.
Grigorakis K., 2010. Ethical issues in aquaculture production. J. Agric. Environ. Ethics 23, 345–370, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806....
22.
Huan-Jui Y., Chih-Yang L., Huei-Yu L., Po-Chih C., 2010. Acute ischemic stroke in low-voltage electrical injury: A case report. Surg. Neurol. Int. 1, 83, https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7....
23.
Hultmann L., Phu T.M., Tobiassen T., Aas-Hansen O., Rustad T., 2012. Effects of pre-slaughter stress on proteolytic enzyme activities and muscle quality of farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Food Chem. 134, 1399–1408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food....
24.
Huntingford F.A., Adams C., Braithwaite V.A., Kadri S., Pottinger T.G., Sandøe P., Turnbull J.F., 2006. Current issues in fish welfare. J. Fish Biol. 68, 332–372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022....
25.
Joseph B., Raj S.J., 2011. Effect of curacron toxicity on aminotransferases (ALT and AST) in the serum of the fish Cyprinus carpio. Int. J. Biol. Chem. 5, 207–211, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijbc.2....
26.
Karnai L., Szűcs I., 2018. Outlooks and perspectives of the common carp production. Rocz. 2018, https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.EC....
27.
Kestemont P., 1995. Different systems of carp production and their impacts on the environment. Aquaculture 129, 347–372, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8....
28.
Kim H.J., Lee Y.H., Kim C.K., 2007. Biomarkers of muscle and cartilage damage and inflammation during a 200 km run. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 99, 443–447, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421....
29.
Kristoffersen S., Tobiassen T., Steinsund V., Olsen R.L., 2006. Slaughter stress, postmortem muscle pH and rigor development in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 41, 861–864, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365....
30.
Lines J.A., Spence J., 2014. Humane harvesting and slaughter of farmed fish. OIE Rev. Sci. Tech. 33, 255–264, https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.3....
31.
Miao W., Wang W., 2020. Trends of aquaculture production and trade: Carp, tilapia, and shrimp. Asian Fish. Sci. 33, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.33997/j.afs....
32.
Mørkøre T., Mazo T. P.I., Tahirovic V., Einen O., 2008. Impact of starvation and handling stress on rigor development and quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L). Aquaculture 277, 231–238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua....
33.
Morzel M., Sohier D., Van De Vis H., 2003. Evaluation of slaughtering methods for turbot with respect to animal welfare and flesh quality. J. Sci. Food Agric. 83, 19–28, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1....
34.
Nakajima T., Hudson M.J., Uchiyama J., Makibayashi K., Zhang J., 2019. Common carp aquaculture in Neolithic China dates back 8,000 years. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 1415–1418, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559....
35.
Nephale L.E., Moyo N.A.G., Rapatsa-Malatji M.M., 2024. Partial replacement of fish meal with soldier termite in juvenile Mozambique tilapia: Effects on growth performance, blood serum chemistry and histomorphology. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 33, 243–252, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
36.
Nie J., Tong T.K., George K., Fu F.H., Lin H., Shi Q., 2011. Resting and post-exercise serum biomarkers of cardiac and skeletal muscle damage in adolescent runners. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sport. 21, 625–629, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600....
37.
Pakhira C., Nagesh T.S., Abraham T.J., Dash G., Behera S., 2015. Stress responses in rohu, Labeo rohita transported at different densities. Aquac. Reports 2, 39–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqre....
38.
Pettersson J., Hindorf U., Persson P., Bengtsson T., Malmqvist U., Werkström V., Ekelund M., 2008. Muscular exercise can cause highly pathological liver function tests in healthy men. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 65, 253–259, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365....
39.
Poli B.M., Parisi G., Scappini F., Zampacavallo G., 2005. Fish welfare and quality as affected by pre-slaughter and slaughter management. Aquac. Int. 13, 29–49, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499....
40.
Raftowicz M., Le Gallic B., 2020. Inland aquaculture of carps in Poland: Between tradition and innovation. Aquaculture 518, 734665. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUA....
41.
Ribas L., Flos R., Reig L., MacKenzie S., Barton B.A., Tort L., 2007. Comparison of methods for anaesthetizing Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) before slaughter: Stress responses and final product quality. Aquaculture 269, 250–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua....
42.
Rose J.D., 2002. The neurobehavioral nature of fishes and the question of awareness and pain. Rev. Fish. Sci. 10, 1–38, https://doi.org/10.1080/200264....
43.
Saraiva J.L., Arechavala-Lopez P., Castanheira M.F., Volstorf J., Studer B.H., 2019. A global assessment of welfare in farmed fishes: The fishethobase. Fishes 4, 30, https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes....
44.
Sattari A., Mirzargar S.S., Abrishamifar A., Lourakzadegan R., Bahonar A., Mousavi H.E., Niasari A., 2009. Comparison of electroanesthesia with chemical anesthesia (ms222 and clove oil) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using plasma cortisol and glucose responses as physiological stress indicators. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 4, 306–313, https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.....
45.
Schreck C.B., Tort L., 2016. The Concept of Stress in Fish. In: Fish Physiology. Academic Press, pp. 1–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0....
46.
Seibel H., Baßmann B., Rebl A., 2021. Blood will tell: what hematological analyses can reveal about fish welfare. Front. Vet. Sci. 8, 616955, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.....
47.
Skjervold P.O., Fjæra S.O., Østby P.B., 1999. Rigor in Atlantic salmon as affected by crowding stress prior to chilling before slaughter. Aquaculture 175, 93–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-....
48.
Szücs I., Stündl L., Váradi L., 2007. Carp Farming in Central and Eastern Europe and A Case Study in Multifunctional Aquaculture. In: Species and System Selection for Sustainable Aquaculture. Blackwell Publishing, pp. 389–414, https://doi.org/10.1002/978047....
49.
Tabas I., 2002. Cholesterol in health and disease. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 583–590, https://doi.org/10.1172/jci163....
50.
Terlouw E.M.C., Picard B., Deiss V., Berri C., Hocquette J.-F., Lebret B., Lefèvre F., Hamill R., Gagaoua M., 2021. Understanding the Determination of Meat Quality Using Biochemical Characteristics of the Muscle: Stress at Slaughter and Other Missing Keys. Foods 10, 84, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1....
51.
Toni C., Becker A.G., Simões L.N., Pinheiro C.G., de Lima Silva L., Heinzmann B.M., Caron B.O., Baldisserotto B., 2014. Fish anesthesia: Effects of the essential oils of Hesperozygis ringens and Lippia alba on the biochemistry and physiology of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 40, 701–714, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695....
52.
Trushenski J.T., Bowker J.D., 2012. Effect of voltage and exposure time on fish response to electrosedation. J. Fish Wildl. Manag, https://doi.org/10.3996/102011....
53.
Van De Vis H., Kestin S., Robb D., et al, 2003. Is humane slaughter of fish possible for industry? Aquac. Res. 34, 211–220, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365....
54.
Velisek J., Stara A., Li Z.H., Silovska S., Turek J., 2011. Comparison of the effects of four anaesthetics on blood biochemical profiles and oxidative stress biomarkers in rainbow trout. Aquaculture 310, 369–375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua....
55.
Wendelaar Bonga S.E., 1997. The stress response in fish. Physiol. Rev. 77, 591–625, https://doi.org/10.1152/physre....
56.
Xie B., Qin J., Yang H., Wang X., Wang Y.H., Li T.Y., 2013. Organic aquaculture in China: A review from a global perspective. Aquaculture 414–415, 243–253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua....
57.
Yap C.Y.F., Aw T.C., 2010. Liver function tests (LFTs). Proc. Singapore Healthc. 19, 80–82, https://doi.org/10.1177/201010....
58.
Yousefi M., Vatnikov Y.A., Kulikov E.V., Plushikov V.G., Drukovsky S.G., Hoseinifar S.H., Van Doan H., 2020. The protective effects of dietary garlic on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to ambient ammonia toxicity. Aquaculture 526, 735400, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua....
59.
Zampacavallo G., Parisi G., Mecatti M., Lupi P., Giorgi G., Poli B.M., 2015. Evaluation of different methods of stunning/killing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by tissue stress/quality indicators. J. Food Sci. Technol. 52, 2585–2597, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| ISSN: | 1230-1388 |
Assigning DOI numbers, introducing articles from supplements and recent publications to POL-index database, maintaining anti-plagiarism detection, electronic system to proceed manuscripts and webpage of the Journal with interactive pdf files, and language correction of manuscripts published in Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences are financed in the years 2018–2019 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from the funds for science popularization activities, Agreement No. 631/P-DUN/2018.
© 2006-2024 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
