REVIEW PAPER
Proteomic studies in pregnant and lactating cows. A review
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West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Doktora Judyma 26, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland
Publication date: 2014-08-20
Corresponding author
W. F. Skrzypczak
West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Doktora Judyma 26, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2014;23(3):203-211
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Proteomics, an innovative branch of science, deals with comprehensive
analysis of protein expression at a particular time in a given biological
system. Proteomics enables analysis of the repertoire of proteins, comparison of
protein profiles, and reveals changes in expression. Proteomic studies may be
useful in solving scientific problems and may have applications in practice. The
use of proteomic techniques is increasing in relation to farm animals in order to
assess their health status, growth rate and productivity, but it is worth emphasizing
that still is inadequate to needs. The detection of biomarkers enables early
diagnosis, prevention, and finding therapeutic solutions. During puberty in heifers
and during the first pregnancy and lactation, dynamic and gradual adaptive
changes in the intensity of metabolic processes and changes in the activity of
regulatory mechanisms are observed. These changes are associated with the
growth and development of the foetus, preparation of the mammary glands for
lactation, and, after parturition, with reproductive system regeneration and preparation
for new fertilization and pregnancy. Comparison of protein profiles and
identification of differentially expressed proteins involved in particular metabolic
pathways may be useful in comprehensive analysis of functional changes in
pregnant and lactating cows. Current knowledge, results of scientific studies, and
their application into practice indicate that proteomics will introduce new standards
into physiological research in the near future. This paper presents studies
on pregnant and lactating cows, with emphasis on proteomics of blood serum/
plasma, foetal membranes, liver, amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, uterine fluid, urine,
mammary gland, milk, and comparative proteomics of healthy and sick cows.
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