REVIEW PAPER
The role of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in somatic and embryo cloning of mammals. A review
 
 
 
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National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology, 32-083 Balice, Poland
 
 
Publication date: 2005-03-18
 
 
Corresponding author
M. Samiec   

National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology, 32-083 Balice, Poland
 
 
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2005;14(2):213-233
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Mitochondria are semiautonomous organelles that contain double-stranded (α-helix) circular DNA molecules (mtDNAs) of about 16300 to 16500 base pairs (bp). The mtDNA encodes only 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. Up to 95% of proteins involved in biogenesis and functions of mitochondria are encoded by the cell nucleus. The copy number of mitochondrial genome in a typical mammalian somatic cell ranges from approximately 2 × 103 to about 5 × 103, whereas the number of mtDNA molecules in a single mature (Metaphase II) oocyte is about 1.6 × 105 in mice, 2.5 × 105 in cattle and 3-8 × 105 in humans. In the procedure of somatic or embryo cell cloning (nuclear transfer), mitochondria of nuclear donor cells, together with the nucleus, are transplanted to the enucleated recipient oocyte (ooplast). Thus, the cloned embryo should harbour the mtDNAs from both the donor cell and the recipient oocyte. In cloned animals, mitochondria are inherited primarily from recipient oocytes, and mitochondria from donor cells appear to be rapidly eliminated during the first few cleavage divisions and are almost undetectable by the blastocyst stage. This selective segregation of the donor mitochondrial genome, which takes place in the preimplantation development of nuclear transfer-derived embryos, leads gradually to cellular mtDNA homoplasmy. Only in some cases does the mitochondria originating from both donor cells and recipient oocytes coexist (the so-called mtDNA heteroplasmy). When cloning both embryos and adult individuals, what is often forgotten is the presence in the cytoplasm of donor- and recipient-cells of mtDNA. This contains small (approximately 0.01%) amounts of total cell genetic information, but it is different from information recorded in the nuclear DNA (99.99% of cellular genome). Thus, introduction of donor cell nucleus into the oocyte derived from another individual leads to generation of hybridic (in terms of genetic mitochondrial material) reconstructed oocytes, which can have a certain influence on the genotype and phenotype identity of offspring produced as a result of cloning. The “ideal” clone can be obtained only with donor cell nucleus transplanted into the oocyte originating from the same individual. Therefore “ideal mammalian clones” can only be the clones of females, whose overall mitochondrial genome has a completely homogenouspattern of regulatory and coding nucleotide sequences of all cellular mtDNA copies in all the somatic and germ cell lines.
 
CITATIONS (27):
1.
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3.
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Effects of resveratrol on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Histone Demethylase KDM4D Could Improve the Developmental Competence of Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) Embryos
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Extranuclear Inheritance of Mitochondrial Genome and Epigenetic Reprogrammability of Chromosomal Telomeres in Somatic Cell Cloning of Mammals
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10.
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Generation of monogenetic cattle by different techniques of embryonic cell and somatic cell cloning - their application to biotechnological, agricultural, nutritional, biomedical and transgenic research
Maria Skrzyszowska, Marcin Samiec
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12.
Determining Influence of Culture Media and Dose-Dependent Supplementation with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on the Ex Vivo Proliferative Activity of Domestic Cat Dermal Fibroblasts in Terms of Their Suitability for Cell Banking and Somatic Cell Cloning of Felids
Wiesława Młodawska, Patrycja Mrowiec, Beata Grabowska, Joanna Waliszewska, Joanna Kochan, Agnieszka Nowak, Anna Migdał, Wojciech Niżański, Sylwia Prochowska, Agnieszka Partyka, Marcin Pałys, Teresa Grega, Józef Skotnicki
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13.
Genome stabilization by RAD51‐stimulatory compound 1 enhances efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer‐mediated reprogramming and full‐term development of cloned mouse embryos
Ah Lee, Ji‐Hoon Park, Sung Shim, Kwonho Hong, Hyeonwoo La, Kyung‐Soon Park, Dong Lee
Cell Proliferation
 
14.
The Resurrection of Mabrokan: Production of Multiple Cloned Offspring from Decade-Old Vitrified Tissue Collected from a Deceased Champion Show Camel
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15.
Interleukin 17D Enhances the Developmental Competence of Cloned Pig Embryos by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Promoting Embryonic Genome Activation
Xiao Wu, Huaxing Zhao, Junkun Lai, Ning Zhang, Junsong Shi, Rong Zhou, Qiaoyun Su, Enqin Zheng, Zheng Xu, Sixiu Huang, Linjun Hong, Ting Gu, Jie Yang, Huaqiang Yang, Gengyuan Cai, Zhenfang Wu, Zicong Li
Animals
 
16.
Vitamin C enhances porcine cloned embryo development and improves the derivation of embryonic stem-like cells
Xun Fang, Bereket Tanga, Seonggyu Bang, Gyeonghwan Seong, Islam Saadeldin, Ahmad Qamar, Joohyun Shim, Kimyung Choi, Sanghoon Lee, Jongki Cho
Reproductive Biology
 
17.
Effects of Trichostatin A on the Timing of the First Cleavage and In Vitro Developmental Potential of Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos
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18.
The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
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19.
Effect of roscovitine pretreatment for increased utilization of small follicle-derived oocytes on developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in pigs
Chang Rim, Yu Kim, Chol Rim, Yong Ri, Ju Choe, Dae Kim, Gum Kim, Ri Il, Ryu Kim, Haide Chen, Lei Xiao, Zhixin Fu, Yong Pak, Ui Jong
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20.
Comparative evaluation of production performances of cloned pigs derived from superior Duroc boars
Junsong Shi, Liyao Xiao, Baohua Tan, Lvhua Luo, Zicong Li, Linjun Hong, Jie Yang, Gengyuan Cai, Enqin Zheng, Zhenfang Wu, Ting Gu
Animal Reproduction Science
 
21.
Chemotherapy induced oxidative stress in the ovary: drug-dependent mechanisms and potential interventions
Madison Trujillo, Angela Odle, Nukhet Aykin-Burns, Antiño Allen
Biology of Reproduction
 
22.
SIRT3 Regulates Levels of Deacetylated SOD2 to Prevent Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction During Oocyte Maturation in Pigs
Le Jiao, Chen-Xi Hu, Yue Zhang, Ying-Xin Zhang, Wen-Wu Cai, Wen-Lin Pan, Shao-Chen Sun, Yu Zhang
Microscopy and Microanalysis
 
23.
The ability of donkey sperm to induce oocyte activation and mule embryo development after ICSI
Camila Arroyo-Salvo, Marïa Y. Cogollo Villarreal, Gabriel Clérico, Ana P. Flores Bragulat, Andrea Niño Vargas, Catalina Castañeira, Olinda Briski, Carolina Alonso, Jessica Plaza, Jose M. Zeledon, Luis Losinno, Miragaya Marcelo, Marina Sansinena, Silvina Perez Martinez, Andrés Gambini
Theriogenology
 
24.
Current status of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer and meta‐analysis of the effects of phylogenetic distance on embryonic and fetal development
Laura Adams, Ying Liu, Irina A. Polejaeva
Mammal Review
 
25.
iSCNT embryo culture system for restoration of Cervus nippon hortulorum, presumed to be sika deer in the Korean Peninsula
Yong-Su Park, Min-Gee Oh, Sang-Hwan Kim, Birendra Mishra
PLOS ONE
 
26.
Chlorogenic acid improves the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos by regulating oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial function
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals
 
27.
Procyanidin B2 improves developmental capacity of bovine oocytes via promoting PPARγ/UCP1‐mediated uncoupling lipid catabolism during in vitro maturation
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Cell Proliferation
 
ISSN:1230-1388
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